Expert Consensus on Standardization and Application of NUT Carcinoma Organoids (2026 Edition)

NUT carcinoma (NUT cancer), characterized by NUT gene rearrangement, is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis, for which effective treatment options are currently lacking. Patient-derived organoid technology can maintain the molecular pathological characteristics of tumors over extended periods in vitro, providing an irreplaceable experimental platform for elucidating the pathogenesis of NUT carcinoma, screening targeted drugs, predicting treatment responses, and facilitating personalized precision medicine. To standardize the comprehensive application of NUT carcinoma organoid technology (from basic research to clinical translation), the International Society of Organoid Research has collaborated with a multidisciplinary team of domestic experts to formulate a consensus based on clinical requirements, current research progress, and clinical practice. This consensus systematically defines the principles for the establishment and quality control of organoids and further clarifies specific strategies for their application in basic research and clinical settings. This consensus aims to improve the overall quality of diagnosis and treatment and enhance patient outcomes by constructing a comprehensive standardized system.